Curious man, that Henze. Once flirting with communism and dreaming of a world revolution, he was also an aesthete and an erudite which – in part – made him decide to bid farewell to Germany and move to Italy in 1953.

His music has always been highly theatrical: he never liked the strict rules of serialism and felt a close connection with opera, which, unlike the hardliners of the avant-garde at the time, he had never labelled as obsolete. His discography therefore lists more than 20 musical theatre works, performed with great regularity.

DIE BASSARIDEN

Die Bassariden is among Henze’s finest and most important compositions. The English Language libretto, after ‘The Bacchantes’ by Eurypides, was written by W.H.Auden (does anyone remember the ‘Funeral Blues’ from Four Weddings and a Funeral?) and Charles Kallman.

It became a massive, through-composed score, anchored in the Wagnerian tradition (it is whispered that the librettists insisted that Henze, before turning to composing, study the ‘Götterdammerung’) and constructed as a four-movement symphony with voices.

The story of King Pentheus, who, by wanting to banish all sensuality, comes into conflict with Dionysus and his adepts and is ultimately torn apart by his own mother, serves as a metaphor for the conflict between Eros and Ratio.

The opera premiered (in the German translation) at the Salzburg Festival in August 1966. It became a huge success, even prompting one of the reviewers to cry that Richard Strauss had finally got a successor. Henze laughingly and rightly dismissed this with a simple “where are the man’s ears?!”

A few years ago, the live-recorded premiere performance (in German translation) was released by Orfeo (C 605 032 1). The highly emotional playing of the Wiener Philharmoniker, under the inspired direction of Christoph von Dohnányi, reaches unprecedented heights.

Kostas Paskalis is very credible in his role of Pentheus and Kerstin Meyer moves as Agave.

It’s just a pity no libretto was included, after all, it’s not everyday fare.

[Editorial: A later performance of the English Language version was released on the Musica Mundi label, conducted by Gerd Albrecht, but this revised edition omits the interlude]

Das Urteil der Kalliope, interlude from Die Bassariden :

L’UPUPA

Almost forty years later, a new (and also the last, the then almost 80-year-old composer claimed) [Ed: He would produce two more after this, in spite of ill health] opera by Henze was performed in Salzburg: L’Upupa und der Triumph der Sohnesliebe. It was a commissioned work by the Salzburg Festival, and its premiere at the Kleines Festspielhaus in August 2003 was recorded live for DVD (EuroArts 2053929).

The libretto, a fairy tale based on Syrian-Persian tales, was written by Henze himself. The three sons of The Old Man go in search of L’Upupa (a hop), a bird lost by the man with the golden feathers. The two eldest drop out immediately and amuse themselves by drinking and playing cards. The youngest, Kasim (an excellent role by Mattias Goerne), assisted by a Papageno-like ‘Demon’ endures all kinds of adventures, including an attempt on his life by his brothers. But he finds the bird and, in passing, a lover in the guise of a Jewish Princess (Laura Aikin) and returns to his old father. Only to leave again immediately, this time to fulfil a promise made. An open-ended ending, then, that also makes for beautiful imagery and moving music.

The text is at times very comic, but also very poetic. Jürgen Rose’s sets and costumes are truly dazzling, and Dieter Dorn’s direction very intelligent. There is also more than excellent singing and acting, especially by the truly inimitable John Mark Ainsley as the Demon.

DER PRINZ VON HOMBURG

On Arthaus Musik (100164) you will find another superb opera by Henze: Der Prinz von Homburg. It was recorded at Bayerischer Staatsoper in Munich in 1994 and Nikolaus Lehnhoff’s direction is truly inimitable.

The story of a daydreaming prince, who fails to follow orders properly during the war and is sentenced to death but is exonerated as soon as he accepts his punishment, is based on a play by Heinrich von Kleist.

François Le Roux seems cut out for the lead role, but the rest of the cast: William Cochran, Helga Dernesch, and Marianne Häggander is also particularly strong.

MEMOIRS OF AN OUTSIDER

I also warmly recommend the documentary about Henze made by Barrie Gavin in 1994 (Arthaus Musik 100360). It features – apart from the composer himself and his Italian friend – Simon Rattle and Oliver Knussen, who candidly confesses that his own music would never have become anything without Henze’s influence. All this is interspersed with music excerpts and with beautiful archive footage. As an encore, you get a stunning performance of Henze’s absolute masterpiece, his Requiem.

Hans Werner Henze. Das Floss der Medusa

Der junge Lord van Henze. Satire? Of meer?